Essay on Mezzanine Finance Explained - 1794 Words

Mezzanine Finance by Corry Silbernagel Davis Vaitkunas Bond Capital With a supplement by Ian Giddy Mezzanine Debt--Another Level To Consider Mezzanine debt is used by companies that are cash flow positive to fund: further growth through expansion projects; acquisitions; recapitalizations; and, management and leveraged buyouts. When mezzanine debt is used in conjunction with senior debt it reduces the amount of equity required in the business. As equity is the most expensive form of capital, it is most cost effective to create a capital structure that secures the most funding, offers the lowest cost of capital, and maximizes return on equity. Mezzanine debt has been around for over 30 years, however its use in Western Canada and the†¦show more content†¦Although it makes up a portion of a companys total available capital, mezzanine financing is critical to growing companies and in succession planning in recent years. The gap in funding between senior debt and equity is common for the following reasons: 1) accounts receivable, inventories and fixed assets are being discounted at greater rates than in the past for f ear that their values will not be realized in the future; 2) many balance sheets now contain significant intangible assets, and, 3) as a result of defaults and regulatory pressure, banks have placed ceilings on the amount of total debt a company can obtain. While additional liquidity can be obtained from equity investors, equity is the most expensive source of capital. Further, equity capital, by its nature, dilutes existing shareholders. As a result, mezzanine debt can be an attractive alternative way to obtain much needed capital. Capital Structures While there are no hard and fast rules for optimizing a company’s capital structure, companies that are ahead of the curve use an efficient combination of senior debt, mezzanine debt, and equity capital to minimize their true cost of capital. COMPANIES WITH EFFICIENT CAPITAL STRUCTURES EMPLOY A NUMBER OF CAPITAL SOURCES Expected Returns (%) Typical Private Equity Structure (% of total Assets) Senior Debt and Asset Backed (Stretch) Lending 30% - 60% 5% - 12% Mezzanine 20% - 30%Show MoreRelatedThe Debt And Credit Crisis2495 Words   |  10 Pagesback to the industrialization period in the United States where business and finance developed together (Cioffi, Lecture 10/21/14). Finance and industry cooperated with each other, as banks invested in business and provided the capital needed for the industrial sector to develop (Cioffi, Lecture 10/21/14). Finance and industry became codependent on each other to thrive and progress. Consequently, a system grew where finance became the major player behind every aspect of American political economy.Read MoreFinancial Crisis Of The Brc Economies2217 Words   |  9 Pages(from the MBS) were known as Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO), and were offered by the SPE. The CDO would be split into 3 tranches (equity, mezzanine, and senior), and assigned a rating by rating agencies based on the creditworthiness of the borrower. If the SPE collapsed, the senior tranche would have precedence of their recove ry of assets over the mezzanine and equity tranche. The senior tranche has the highest price, but the lowest risk of default, while the equity tranche has the highest returnRead MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreSubprime Mortgage Crisis - a Case Study on Morgan Stanley4048 Words   |  17 Pagesmain slices called senior (low risk), mezzanine (middle risk) and equity (high risk) tranches as shown. Figure 2: A typical CDO tranching structure The division of CDO into various different tranches indicates the sequential allocation of the underlying assets’ default risk. And since higher risks generate higher returns, the equity tranche will receive the highestreturn to compensate for taking on the highest default risk, as compared to the senior or mezzanine tranches. However, when things go wrongRead More2008 Financial Crisis - Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac3431 Words   |  14 Pagescentral banks tried to pump in large amounts of liquidity into the global financial system. On 7th September 2008, James B. Lockhart III (2008) announced the decision to place Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship run by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. On 15th September 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, which caused a series of drastic changes in the stock market. The subprime mortgage meltdown in the US created an economic tsunami that effectively froze the world’s credit marketsRead MoreSeag ate Buyout8389 Words   |  34 Pagescan issue their shares to shareholders without causing tax implications (Mintz). Unfortunately, as it states in an article by S. L. Mintz in CFO Magazine, VERITAS was not interested in venturing into the disk drive industry. The CFO of VERITAS explained that he thought it would be a distraction from their software business. Horizontal merger or buyout The presenting group mentioned a merger as an option to address Seagate’s low stock price, but they never elaborated on benefits or problematicRead MoreMix of Debt and Equity6786 Words   |  28 Pages a) Definition Classifications of Equity Financing 16 b) Advantages of Equity Financing 18 c) Disadvantages of Equity Financing 19 3. The mixture of Debt and Equity 20 a) Definition 20 b) Why do virtually all companies choose to finance themselves by the mixture of debt and equity? 22 c) What factors can affect the ratio of debt and equity of a company? 22 d) Optimal Level of Debt-to-Equity 24 V. CONCLUSION 27 I. ABSTRACT In the age of Globalization and specially globalizedRead MoreThe Aig Bailout22345 Words   |  90 Pagespublic/_files/KohnStmtMarch52009.pdf. 2. Press Release, American International Group, Inc., AIG Reports Full Year and Fourth Quarter 2007 Results (Feb. 28, 2008), available at http://idea.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/5272 /000095012308002282/y50505exv99w1.htm. 3. Yahoo! Finance, AIG: Historical Prices for American International Group, Inc., http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=AIG (last visited Sept. 29, 2009) (on file with the Washington and Lee Law Review). THE AIG BAILOUT 945 loan.4 Government aid has since grownRead More Biography of Joseph Patrick Kennedy Essay3933 Words   |  16 Pagesfinancial genius all right, but in politics, he is something else.† Kennedy distanced himself from his son during the period prior to and during the nomination process, and did not return to Massachusetts until the election took place. His wife, Rose explained: â€Å"He has been a controversial figure all of his life and he thinks it’s easier for his sons if he doesn’t appear on the scene.† Jack Kennedy won the presidential election in 1960, fulfilling his father’s dream. But Kennedy’s reaction was modest:Read MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesEDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition scholarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of F inance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in Business, June 2006 ï‚ · Awarded full scholarship (among top 50 from over

Service Dogs for Autism - 1145 Words

As of 2012, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that one in 50 children between the ages of six and seventeen has autism spectrum disorder, with males being four times more likely than females to have these conditions (Slaughter 1). Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the brains normal development of social and communication skills. Service dogs are normally used to aid the blind, deaf or hard of hearing, and other types of disabilities. Service dogs have recently been used to help children with autism. The service dog industry has had a growing impact on the autism community, the benefits and disadvantages affect each child differently. Autism was first discovered by Leo Kanner in 1943, he labeled it as†¦show more content†¦The dog becomes the child’s constant companion, the sense of loneliness is taken away from the child. The children in these cases reported increased physical independence and freedom from relying on others to assit in daily tasks (Davis 136). The dogs undergo serious training before being placed with the child. Sometimes the dog and child would actually meet weeks leading up to the placement to warm up to eachother before permanent placement. The parent is the primary handler, the dog is trained to guide the child but ultimately take orders or listen to the parent. The dog is tethered to the child by a harness and put on a leash that the parent carries, this gives the child freedom and the parent security, the dog controls the child from darting off. The cost of a service dog can be very expensive, if not obtained by an organization that receives donations and helps the family out. The average annual cost to maintain a dog was $1307, with a range of $195-$5134 (Davis 134). The daily routine changes in some of the families affected the dogs negatively. The dog would have bathroom accidents in the home, which were frowned upon by the family. The stress of the day to day activities with the child would be too much for the dog to handle at times, fatigue and attitude changes were apparent. The majority of problems faced with a service dog can be eliminated, with a set routine and normal breaks given to the dog. Public places nowadays are normallyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Animal Assisted Therapy On An Individual s Life1152 Words   |  5 Pagesa lot of attention is the use of animal-assisted therapy (frequently dogs) for individuals with autism. While research is limited, studies reveal that children with an ASD laugh, talk and display other positive social behaviors when they have a companion animal with them. A recent study explored the viewpoints of youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This innovative study finds that animals help individuals with autism combat feelings of loneliness. Additional research finds that animalsRead MoreCompanion Dogs, Making a Difference1108 Words   |  5 Pageschildren with autism having a companion dog is the difference between life and death. Methodically trained guide dogs help create an environment where autistic children are comfortable enough to live a more ordinary lifestyle. Autism spectrum disorder is a major public health problem th at is the most common neurological disorder affecting 1 out of every 110 births in the US (Autism Society, 2009). ASDs can range in severity from Asperger Syndrome, a high-functioning form of autism where the childRead MoreFinding The Way With Service Animals Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesFinding the Way with Service Animals Johnny had never smiled in his entire four years of life, until July, 2015. He received a life changing gift, a service dog trained as a companion to children with autism. His family had researched and tried many ways to help him have an easier and more interactive life but to no avail until he got his service dog. Improving life emotionally, physically and/or socially is the overall goal of people and/or families with service animals. There has been a long historyRead MoreHealth Benefits Of Owning A Dog1504 Words   |  7 PagesHumans Need Dogs Most people know that pets are good companions, but they can also be therapists, teachers, and healers. â€Å"Sixty-two percent of American households include pets,† said the Humane Society of United States (Casciotti Zuckerman, 2016). When people hear about dogs helping humans, one of the first things that might come to mind, are the dogs that help the blind or disabled. Another thought might be the dog that saves a family from their burning home. Today, there are dogs that help withRead MoreHow Does An Autism Assistance Dog Positively Affect The Autistic Child?1435 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question: How does an autism assistance dog positively affect the autistic child? I decided to research this topic as I have always been interested in animals and want to pursue a career working with animals. After watching a captivating news clip on assistance dogs it was clear this was going to be the topic I would investigate for my research project. I researched autism assistance dogs (AAD), specifically their training, eligible criteria and positive effects on the child. I read websitesRead MoreA Best Friend Is Man’s Best Friend1574 Words   |  7 PagesDolores Ramirez Prof Grace Rocha Writing 10 Section 29 Rough-Draft #2 March 18, 2013 A Best Friend is Man’s Best Friend Dogs have been known to be â€Å"Man’s Best Friend† for thousands of years. More commonly known to be man’s best friends are dogs, rather than cats and any other animal. Most people consider a best friend as someone who is there for you when you are sad or lonely, when you need someone to talk, cry, or laugh, however a man’s best friend is all the same and more. Dog’s today areRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Adhd )1397 Words   |  6 PagesAutism, also referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD), is a neurological disorder that causes difficulties with social interaction and affects 1 out of 68 children in the United States. People with this diagnosis have difficulties with social interaction, challenges with communication, and often engage in behaviors that are repetitive but are different with every child. With no known cause, autism is on the steady rise and it is important for people (especially parents) to learn how to helpRead MoreThe B enefits Of Animal Assisted Therapy Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss research that has been conducted on the benefits of animal-assisted therapy in relation to mental and emotional well-being, and as it relates to recovery. I have applied my research to include a variety of subjects, including children with autism, patients suffering from PTSD, college students, the elderly, and outpatient recovery. Finally, I conclude my report with a proposal of a new AAT program that will benefit the community and reduce pet homelessness. IntroductionRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder and its Causes Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesfifty children was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Since then, there has been a drastic increase on the incidents of this disorder. In 2013, according to the Centers for Disease Control, Autism spectrum disorder occurs in one out of eighty eight children. (CDC, 2013) That is a significant increase over a relatively short period of time. With such an increase, it is important to learn what autism spectrum disorder is and what might cause it. Autism spectrum disorder is the term usedRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1144 Words   |  5 PagesSummary This article is all about AAI otherwise known as the animal-assisted intervention. AAI has been suggested time and time again as a possible treatment practice for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Article starts off by talking about autism what it is and the diagnosis of it. It then goes into detail to talk about AAI; AAI is an alternative intervention that has developed into treating all sorts of individuals with a range of medical issues and developmental issues. The article

Combination of Two Companies Having Business in Same Industry

Question: Discuss About Combination of Two Companies Having Business in Same Industry? Answer: Introducation: This report is prepared on the basis of business combination of two companies having business in same industry. These two companies named Novotel and Sofitel want to enter into strategic alliance in order to increase their profit. In this case, both companies need to comply with competition law, free trade law, and cartel prohibition laws. With the increasing ramification of Australian economic changes, there are several laws and regulations which are applicable for the companies going in business combination. However, in Australia, if companies are making cartel by entering into joint ventures or strategic alliance with each other then in this case this sort of combination would not be acceptable. In this report, two companies Novotel and Sofitel are entering into business combination with a view to increase their overall profit. Nonetheless, this profit could be increased only when these two marketing department provides synergy. In addition to this, when these two companies having business in same industry need to avoid these following strategies such as price fixing, market sharing, limitation of products and bid rigging. These all are the criminal offence under the enterprises act and it could also result into severe penalties for both the business and individual directors of both companies. Novotel and Sofitel both are making strategic alliance by combining their marketing department to create marketing arm against other rivals (Rahim and Brady, 2015). Therefore, both companies need to avoid acts which fall under the cartel act such as price fixing, market sharing, limitation of products and bid rigging. This report will reflects several points and factors on the business combination and how companies could create synergy by making strategic alliance. This strategy has been proposed by company to create marketing arm and create shield against all the competitive strategies of rivals in market. Therefore, both the companies need to comply with the business combination law before entering into strategic alliance with each other. It is evaluated that Novotel and Sofitel both are independent organizations and want to make combination of their marketing department with a view to increase the overall profit. Therefore, both organization need to enter into strategic alliance contract. These types of combination could be referred as merger or amalgamation of two businesses. In addition to this, both the companies have to comply with laws and notifications issued by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. It is observed that making strategic alliance with other organizations requires various documentations, complying with competition laws and regulation and complete level of disclosure to all the stakeholders of organizations. In addition to this, both companies also need to make disclosure to general public by publishing its information in two newspaper one in vernacular language and other one in English language (Mitchell, et al, 2016). References Mitchell, R., O'Donnell, A., Marshall, S. and Ramsay, I., 2016.Law, corporate governance and partnerships at work: a study of Australian regulatory style and business practice. Routledge. Rahim, M.M. and Brady, I.M., 2015. The Collective Bargaining Authorisation Provision for SMEs in the Australian Competition Law-Serving or Distorting a Public Benefit

Examine the New Right SOT of the family free essay sample

Examine the New Right SOT of the family The New Right are a group of people that believe in tradition; they are strongly against change and support the conservative party. The New Right see the ideal family as heterosexual couples with two or three children as an outcome and symbolic meaning of the love between the man and women, otherwise known as a ‘Nuclear family. ’ The commitment between the man and women should demonstrate through a marriage and the responsibilities within the marriage will have a clear sexual division of labour. New Right thinkers rule out any other family structure and the new right views on the family reflect a familial ideology. The ideology is transmitted through different sections such as religious leaders, media, advertising, politicians and pressure groups. The New Right believe that originally husbands and wives were once strongly committed to one and other for life and they raised their children to give them the most up right respect and also respect social institutions, for example the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the New Right SOT of the family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New Right thinkers called this the golden age, where everything followed a certain order. In the Early 1960’S and 1970’S, the New Right saw that the views of a traditional family value began to be questioned and destroyed especially by the state; they marked this as the beginning of family decline. New right looked at new acts and law legislations that have come into place for example, ‘Equal pay act’ which they saw as misleading the women from their natural careers as being mothers and housewives and instead this act encouraged them to work and peruse their dreams which may mean that they will be earning as much money or maybe even more money than their husband. Another act that the New Right looks at as an attack by the state is the ‘Divorce Reform act’ which was introduced in 1969 which they saw undermined the commitment of marriage between and man and women. New Right do have evidence to back up their beliefs for example nowadays in the 21st century there are more family structures that exist such as a single parent family or a gay marriage household due to the increase of divorce rates, compare to back in the 1800’s and 1900’s, it was almost seen as a sin to have a divorce and there was no such thing as gay marriages. On the other hand Feminists criticise the New Right view of the familial ideology. Feminists claim that the familial ideology is a group of ideas which will encourage the men to keep the male dominance within the work place at home. Feminist Oakley argues that the familial ideology is in favour to the men because the women are encouraged to stay at home and follow their natural career as mothers and wives, which means that they are taking themselves out of the labour market and are allowing the men to carry on being the breadwinner of the family by bringing in the income to the family. Oakley states the gender role is clearly shown in this part of the familial ideology. Sociologists Barrett and Mclntosh, 1982, argue against the new right idea of familial ideology and say that the familial ideology fails to look at other family structures other than the nuclear family, such as single parent families, and gay marriage families, and believe that the new structures are the cause of social problems, for example increase in crime and the increase of disrespect for authority such as the law. As the New Right stated the start of family decline when new laws and legislations where put into place there were critics against this idea too. However other sociologist says that there may not be such an idea family decline instead, it may be the new postmodern era finding new needs and wants and realising that the nuclear family was only exploiting women and children from earning and being like the male of the traditional family. Other aspects such as an increase in divorce rates are seen as more healthy for the society and families as it will prevent symptoms of moral decay. Sociologist Reynolds et al, 2003, conducted a research to back up the critics against new rights views and idea of familial ideology. This research included a study of 37 mothers and 30 fathers that where in a relationship, that had one pre-school child. The mothers had a strong, instrumental role such as a job in the hospital or working in an accountancy firm but also had traditional views on being a good mother and partner. In conclusion to this research, Reynolds et al concluded that the mothers did not prioritise their work life over their family life, but instead they realised that the mothers that worked full time with the instrumental jobs had the same concerns about meeting their child’s emotional needs and their partner’s needs just as a part time mother did. The research proved that the full time worker mothers believed that their jobs helped meet the child’s needs and wants and also having a positive outtake on relationships within the family. This view was also mostly agreed by the men to as the men saw that the mothers work life was having a good impact on the child as they had a strong headed and hardworking woman to look up too as well. However there was also some negative result from this research, as some men and women did not learn how to alienate their problems from work and brought the problems from work back into the suppose to be ‘haven’ and took out their problems on the children. This could have been due to the stress and strong demands given to the women by their job role. In conclusion the New Right view of the family and idea of familial ideology has good points and are backed up with evidence such as increase in divorce rates and the way families are breaking down in traditional values and becoming more dependent on the state, but however I believe that the New Right familial ideology is failing to look at other family structures and the idea that there is not just one way to life. I agree with the feminist view of how familial ideology is failing to realise other ways to a family structure which could benefit society more as this allows people to be more individual and happy with their selves which will reflect within the family structure. I strongly agree with Reynolds et al research as this does reflect upon family life in today’s society.

Free Essays on TS Eliots Wasteland

In â€Å"The Waste Land† Eliot suggests that a man can be reborn if he gives, sympathizes, and has self-control. There are many characters within American Literature that could have benefited from this advice. Characters such as Amanda Wingfield , the personas in â€Å"Home Burial,† and Daisy Miller exemplify people, that if this advice was readily accessible, could have understood circumstances and could have been figuratively been reborn. In the previously noted characters lives, they let either society or their own regression take over instead of their own self-assurance and capabilities to empathize with others. By taking the advice with a grain of salt they would have been more prepared for the situations that made their lives tumultuous. However there are characters in literature that are the personification of this advice. The character Huck Finn is the personification that by giving, sympathizing, and demonstrating self-control one may be reborn. By his abil ities to do all of the previously mentioned actions he went through an initiation story of him growing into a kind and capable man. Amanda Wingfield, the personas within â€Å"Home Burial,† and Daisy Miller are the antithesis of the above advice, while Huck Finn is its exemplification. By learning to give, sympathize, and demonstrate self-control, the characters afore mentioned would have, or have already, furthered their actions and outcomes greatly. Amanda Wingfield, a deserted wife and the mother of Laura and Tom, is the protagonist of the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie.† She is to be pitied, for she lives in a world of dreams and illusions. She has preconceived ideas about what is right for her son and daughter and tries to make her dreams for them come true; she wants Tom and Laura to bring her the happiness that her husband failed to give her. She does this by not giving her daughter the sympathy needed to nurture Laura with her handicap, by refusing to give support to... Free Essays on TS Eliot's Wasteland Free Essays on TS Eliot's Wasteland In â€Å"The Waste Land† Eliot suggests that a man can be reborn if he gives, sympathizes, and has self-control. There are many characters within American Literature that could have benefited from this advice. Characters such as Amanda Wingfield , the personas in â€Å"Home Burial,† and Daisy Miller exemplify people, that if this advice was readily accessible, could have understood circumstances and could have been figuratively been reborn. In the previously noted characters lives, they let either society or their own regression take over instead of their own self-assurance and capabilities to empathize with others. By taking the advice with a grain of salt they would have been more prepared for the situations that made their lives tumultuous. However there are characters in literature that are the personification of this advice. The character Huck Finn is the personification that by giving, sympathizing, and demonstrating self-control one may be reborn. By his abil ities to do all of the previously mentioned actions he went through an initiation story of him growing into a kind and capable man. Amanda Wingfield, the personas within â€Å"Home Burial,† and Daisy Miller are the antithesis of the above advice, while Huck Finn is its exemplification. By learning to give, sympathize, and demonstrate self-control, the characters afore mentioned would have, or have already, furthered their actions and outcomes greatly. Amanda Wingfield, a deserted wife and the mother of Laura and Tom, is the protagonist of the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie.† She is to be pitied, for she lives in a world of dreams and illusions. She has preconceived ideas about what is right for her son and daughter and tries to make her dreams for them come true; she wants Tom and Laura to bring her the happiness that her husband failed to give her. She does this by not giving her daughter the sympathy needed to nurture Laura with her handicap, by refusing to give support to...

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example With these clearly set, one can now set on to writing, and this makes writing simple. In earlier stages, students write based on their experiences. However, in academic writing, one maybe required writing on a totally new topic, and this requires one to have good research skill. Research in academic goes beyond Google and Wikipedia, to databases with scholarly writings. One also must have the ability to read complex texts and analyze them to succeed in academic writing. Academic writing is described as an argument. This is because; one presents a case and offers support to it, in an attempt to convince others. This depends on the writers ability to present their ideas in an organized manner and persuasively. Academic writing is also an analysis where the author focuses on the how and why questions. It is advisable to start with a draft and then develop the ideas on the draft to create the final paper. Success in academic writing depends on how well one knows what they are doing as well as how they approach

How to be a good accountant in the future Essay

How to be a good accountant in the future - Essay Example To investigate and come up with clear responses of professional accountants, in various work settings. Background Recently, many things have developed relating to bookkeepers and their job. Many companies have lost money in unclear circumstances and this has caused many companies to lose trust in many accountants. However, it is unclear whether the mistakes and problems that many companies face emanate from the errors and unethical behaviors of accountants. For this reasons, it good to find out what makes or breaks an accounting reputation. Approach or method This research will employ the use of questionnaires, samples survey as sources of information concerning the ethical standards of accountants. This will answer the questions concerning their future accounting profession improvement. The proposed literature The proposed literature will base on the factors behind a good accounting job and the negatives associated with it; it will give the significance of the investigation to the u pcoming of bookkeeping professionals. The Gantt chart Gantt chart Task Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April Research proposal Poster creation Literature review Data collection Analysis of Results Presentation of the results Introduction Studies indicate that, many organizations in recent times face scandalous financial situations. These incidences have been associated with accountants who work as employees in various business organizations in different settings in the world. Several businesses have lost cash in the course and the reason of the basis of the problem is uncertain, which has stained the reputation of several businesses. As a result, big and small companies are losing out in terms of business performance and profit making. The blunders leading to the deprived performance are alleged to be caused bookkeeping specialists. In some cases, the mistakes have been associated with the management as a whole; this is because the organization is involved in the decisions that influ ence the working of the auditors. In either way, what the accountants do affects the management and in reverse, the decisions made by the management influences accounting behaviors. This means that there are a number of issues revolving around the same issue of why many organizations have lost trust in accountants as professionals. For this reason, there is need to carry out an extensive research on the issues surrounding accounting as a field of professionalism. Before looking at that, here are some important facts about accounting; this will form the footing about bookkeeping and certified public auditor in particular. According to studies, it is through accounting that a mechanism that provides data, which is a crucial concerning the financial status of an organization in relation to business matters. The information found through this way is essential for investors because it gives critical details, which could be used as the determining factors in line with the decisions the in vestors have to make before investing. It may also help in determining whether the investors could opt not to invest in the organization, as the financial information may not be appealing to them. This will be viewed in terms of return on investments that the organization may receive after the investments. Regarding a good image of a corporate, moral or ethical and expert bookkeeping, comprises a clear image of a corporate financially. This forms the basis on which company managers are set to make informed decisions and shape the