Drawing on both expectancy and equity theory, identify and discuss the main factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of performance-related pay schemes in organisations.

Drawing on both expectancy and equity theory, identify and discuss the main factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of performance-related pay schemes in organisations. Performance-related pay is a financial reward to staff whose work is considered above average. It is usually used for employees whose work achievements cannot assessed simply through numerical measures. Performance-related pay schemes are usually linked to the appraisal process, on which evaluation on staff performance during the year can be made. Performance-related scheme is a highly attractive system to encourage employees towards the organisation's objectives. According to the Wyatt study (1990), which measured effectiveness of performance management in 598 companies, 93% of personnel management regarded pay for performance as major priority. However, according to the same study, only 20% of managers considered their appraisal systems as effective. Some of the major factors to influence effectiveness of performance-related pay schemes were stated in expectancy theory. Although these theories do provide us with simplified models on which requirements for performance-related pay sc hemes can be based. There is a high level of uncertainty associated with them.English: Motivational SayingOne of the most popular explanations for effectiveness of performance-related pay schemes is Victor Vroom's expectancy theory. According to Robbins (p.171): "Expectancy theory argues that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual." It is basically argues that the motivation to improve performance will depend on three factors: whether employee believes that greater performance will lead to better performance, whether higher performance will lead to reward and whether the reward is valuable to that person. In other words motivation will exist if three conditions called: expectancy, instrumentality and valence are present. For example, employee X works hard to improve his performance, however the objectives set before him by management perceived by worker as unrealistic. No...

Should You Bother Starting A Google+ Community

Should You Bother Starting A Google+ Community Google+ is a fun and flexible social network with lots of creative uses,  and it gives you a nice boost towards Google finding your content in search results.  If youre creative and regularly active on the network, your Google+ page will be a powerful workhorse for you. But what about Google+ Communities? Should you have one? While your Google+ circles can create a simple version of a community, Google+ has created a system specifically intended to serve as a forum or group within the larger social network. It comes some handy controls and features that you cant mimic with a simple Google+ circle, butit also  comes with an added work load. What Will A Google+ Community Require? Before you decide if a Google+ Community is worth it, you should first understand what having a community will involve. Be responsible for what happens in your community. You are responsible for what happens in your community. Unlike a circle, a community comes with an understanding of moderation happening. Some communities put up a disclaimer and let it turn into a bit of a free-for-all, but remember that youre after quality, not quantity. You want the engagement, the conversations, the content, the participants, the ideas–they need to be of quality. You dont want to chase after the lowest common denominator just to get quantity. A popular community will always face the never-ending battle with  appropriate comments, just like you would on your blog. I take a pretty dim view of comments that insult or antagonize, though not every community manager would care. It really depends on the community. But, if you do care, you have the ability to remove comments and ban and remove users in a Google+ community. Let them know when they get out of line. Give them a warning and stick to it. What happens in your community doesnt stay in your community. Moderate well.What happens in your community, particularly if youve associated it with your brand, reflects on you. 1. Do you have someone who can regularly moderate your community?   Y or N Controlling spam in your community. Google+ (as of yet) doesnt let you post or share content in multiple communities. This can be annoying. Its tempting to be a part of several related communities that youd like to share your latest blog post in, but so would spammers. Theyd love to join every open, public community and mass post at once. So thank you, Google+. When you post to a community, you cant also post it to your public feed. Youll have to post the same thing twice if you want to see it on your own feed. Still, if the community youre posting to is public? Anyone who goes to your profile page will see what youve posted. Private community postings are only seen in that community by fellow members. Restrictive, yes. Necessary, probably so. Write clear guidelines on what the community is all about is an important step. What else do you do if youre feeling that community members are abusing your community? Public or private. Decide right at the start, when youre creating the community, if it will be public or private, and how much time you have to manage it, because once you choose public or private, you cannot change it. Use blocking and muting tools. Dont be afraid. Its hard to fire a customer or reader, but sometimes, for the sake of others in the community you might have to. Write guidelines. Write clear guidelines for expected behavior, and hold participants to it. Let them know what kind of content they should share, and how they should behave. Be clear. Remove and/or ban members who continually break the rules. Be an editor. Remove posts that do not belong, seem spammy, or are purely self-promotional in a community where that might not belong. Some spammers are very clever, and you might think they meant well and give them the benefit of the doubt but no. Just remove it. A community filled with junk content quickly dies. No one wants to be there, yourself included. 2. Do you have someone who can identify and remove spam without any qualms? Y or N 3. Do you have the time to stay on top of spam? Y or N Be the best curator you can be. A community is a fantastic place to curate selective outside content. Remember, the curator controls the message. I like to think of it this way: your Google+ page is where you share your content. A Google+ community is where you share other content. The art of curating content is exactly that: an art. Get good at it.Keep in mind, though, that curation–finding and sharing content–is an art form. You are not just filling space in your community. You are only sharing the top-notch valuable content that fits with the description of the community.  Its important to get in the habit of of curation, finding great content to share, but it shouldnt become a sloppy habit.  Share what has value. Read the posts you are about to share, dont just skim and toss in the community to fill a quota for the day. Be purposeful and mindful of what you are sharing. One way to make sure all of the content you share is up to your curation standards is to create a list of must-have criteria (in order of importance) before sharing. You might require shared content to come from individual blogs only, or it must have at least 1600 words, or it must have unique imagery, or maybe youll only share content that has infographics. Whatever it is, create a standards list. It makes it much easier to decide on whether or not something ought to be shared or not. 4. Do you have someone to act as curator?   Y or N 5. Do you already have a reliable system for finding great content to share? Y or N Be proactive about building your community. Once youve got a community built up with content, its a good time to go in search of some heavy hitters and active users. Its my personal preference to allow for a little time to get a stockpile of content–and conversation–in a community before going after any VIPs that Id love to have join. Its hard to make a decision to join a community until you see what kind of content and conversation to expect. Of course, there are more to this world than the VIPs. You cant assume youll get one Big Name Person to join and your community will suddenly become the hottest ticket in town. You have to build your community from several different directions.

China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

China - Essay Example It therefore aims at revamping and strengthening ASEAN. Expanding its diplomatic circle and participating more vibrantly in the economic sector through Trans Pacific Partnership and East Asia reach out are number of steps aimed at counter balancing the influence of China. Strengthening military ties with countries like Philippines and India in particular be attributed to America’s intentions of counter balancing the influence of China in the region. Such a policy is adopted based on the fact that China is fast catching on America as the largest economy. Furthermore, the strengths gained by China in recent times in form of military reach outs, naval expansions, and other military partnerships with regional states has alarmed United States of America considerably. America cannot confrontation with China; rather it must aim at mitigating the Chinese influence through effective presence, military and economic support to the regional players of the Asia Pacific

Seminar Paper for Autobiography of a Face Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar Paper for Autobiography of a Face - Essay Example Lucy appears determined to fight the problems in her life. She appears bold and as she tells about the time she spend in the hospital she has no pity. Her response to the harassment of her schoolmates shows how much she resents the problems she is passing through. This seminar paper analyzes the behavior and reaction of Lucy in the face of the teasing and torment she received from her schoolmates. The reaction displayed by Lucy is a defense mechanism that she employs to shut out her peers.. Her disfigured face attracts a lot of ridicule, teasing and harassment from the boys in her school. Before getting to school Lucy knows nothing much about her appearance (Grealy 124). Her going to school makes her understand that she is not acceptable socially to her peers. Her reaction to the behavior of her school mates is an act of defense as she waits for her situation to change. She hates the treatment she is being given and the only thing she can do is to seek to defend herself from it. This is so because she later runs away from her schoolmates thinking that nobody will want to love her because of her situation (Grealy 125). If she was mature and of good reason she could not have been broken down by the teasing and social isolation. The paper has analyzed the reaction of Lucy to the torment of her peers. She acted as a defense mechanism to distance herself from what was happening in order to hide her hurt. This was so because she later withdraws from her peers because of social isolation and too much teasing probably because her strategy could no longer work for

Print Ad Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Print Ad - Case Study Example Being a high-fashion, elite brand, the print ad's target market leans toward relatively young men and women belonging to an upper-class social demographic. Those in its target market have above-average incomes, are brand-conscious, and are generally in touch with the prevailing fashion trends of the day. The brand is all about youth, sexiness, and the brashness that comes with it. Those who wish to portray this sort of image through their fashion style are those targeted by the print ad, and this definitely was definitely illustrated in the edgy, albeit inappropriate theme presented. In developing a new print ad for Dolce and Gabbana, several elements will be modified as the product line will be repositioned completely. From being a high-end, relatively young fashion brand, it is proposed that the new line be packaged as a casual line appealing to an older, more sophisticated demographic comprised of middle-aged, successful professionals . The prevailing theme would be "Sunday Best", and would be presented in such a way that the brand would be their top-of-mind choice for laid- back "country club" weekend wear. The newly repositioned line would be appealing to a target audience that closely mirrors those of Ralph Lauren and Lacoste. The new concept of the reworked print ad will be intrinsically different from the original. The ad is set on what appears to be a country club golf course, and will feature a beautiful, casually dressed woman around her mid-30's as the central character. She appears to be a newcomer to the greens, and is being taught how to swing by a smiling, laid back male, presumably late 30's to early 40's. The man gives off the impression that he is a hard-working professional during the week, say a stockbroker, and he is enjoying the fruits of his labor on the weekend with his beautiful wife. In the background, another affluent-looking couple (presumably friends of the central couple) look on, smiling and apparently amused at the woman's first-time follies at the tee. The tone and mood of the ad is very upbeat and positive, conveying an unspoken vibe of class and sophistication. The Dolce & Gabbana logo will still be superimposed over the print as in the original ad. Consumers will use the product ideally as their primary choice for weekend wear, for light social functions and weekend club meetings. It is a means to identify with the relaxed affluence that is typical of high-income neighborhoods in New York and California. The target market was chosen first and foremost to tone down the controversy generated by the previous print ad. By choosing an older, more affluent target comprised of high net- worth professionals which project much more conservative values, it is hoped that the negative connotation associated with the brand would be eased out of the public's eye. Also, the new target market was also chosen because the company can be sure that there is already an existing market to tap, and that their prices would still seem palatable within the chosen demographic. If the repositioning campaign is rendered properly, Dolce &

Sociology. Active Listening Steps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology. Active Listening Steps - Essay Example I was so happy because she got that same award when she was in grade 4. I told her we should pray about it and hope she gets the award. A week after, my daughter came to my room crying. I was watching TV at that time so I turned it off so that I could find out why she was crying. I wanted to give her my 100% attention. I asked her the reason why she was crying. I listened intently to her and looked at her straight in the eye. At the same time I was hugging her too. She told me that she did not get the award. At that instant, I felt the pain that she was feeling. I held her hand and asked her if she asked her class adviser why she did not get the award. She said she inquired and was informed that she was however, the second in contention. Her class adviser told her that she could have gotten the award if only she participated more in class recitations. Her teacher said that she should be more assertive next time. My daughter felt really bad. I felt sorry for her but at the same time I knew that I had to talk to her about it. I hugged her tightly and wiped her tears away. I just embraced her for a few minutes without saying a word. I wanted her to feel my love and concern for her. At the back of my mind, I was trying to gather my thoughts and trying to think of the right words to say so I could pacify her and make her still feel good about herself.

A good man is hard to find By Flannery O' Connor Essay

A good man is hard to find By Flannery O' Connor - Essay Example Here the Grandmother is shown to be very manipulative and even in the journey manipulates her son to divert to Tennessee instead of Florida. On the way to Florida the grandmother describes about a person called misfit, who have been a serial killer and spending time in imprisonment. She during her talk also quotes that it is very hard to find a good man these days. The most interesting fact about Grandmother is that even though she looks good Christian from outside her honesty to religion is very weak. As the journey progress to Florida, grandma and her family meets with Misfit and his accomplice and confronts death threat. On meeting the misfit with weapon, Grandma try to influence misfit by taking him as son but unfortunately the whole family get killed by the convicts. Here the Grandma thinks that she is very religious and misfit instead is ignorant and irreligious. The grandma tries to save herself by telling misfit that she considers him as her son. .However she gets killed from the hands of misfit who take the lady as opportunistic â€Å"We would normally expect that a grandmother should represent goodness while a serial killer should represent evil. O’Connor, however, seems to hold precisely the reverse in this case†(Bernardo).